Over the past three decades, rapid economic growth facilitated by trade in developing and emerging economies has significantly transformed global trade patterns. Notably, trade between developing economies has expanded at a rate of 9.7% per year. This growth has surged from less than 10% of global trade in 1995 to nearly 25% by 2022, reaching a total value of US$ 6.1 trillion. In contrast, trade between developed economies, which accounted for over half of global trade in 1995, declined to 39% b